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英语翻译技巧|“全部都不可以少”如何说

来源:www.gosxt.com 2025-02-27

电影《全部都不可以少》以其催人泪下的故事反映了国内教育事业在特定历史时期面临的困境,以最强的感染力感动了观众。从此将来,全部都不可以少成了一个用频率特别高的词,被应用于各种场所,在百度输入全部都不可以少检索,有250万个有关网页之多。

电影《全部都不可以少》的片名是如何翻译成英语的,笔者并不了解,但,在GOOGLE搜索的结果发现,这个片名当时仿佛被译成了Not One Less。在GOOGLE输入Not One Less和Zhang Yimou所获得的检索结果是29,400个有关项。但,说实话,Not One Less这一译名不非常地道,不但不符合语言规律,而且不可以明确地表达出影片内涵,由于这里的not是一个副词,只可以用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,而依据影片内容,Not One Less这一结构中的One自然应该是一个省略了名词child或student的名词词组的一部分,因此其与not之间的修饰关系不可以成立。再者,作为little的比较级,less做限定词的时候只能修饰不可数名词,可这里的学生是可数的,假如大家把one后面的省略词汇补充出来,那就是Not One Child Less,根本没办法讲解less与文中其他词语之间有哪些关系。因此说,当初为电影《全部都不可以少》确定的英语译名好像是不妥的。

那样,全部都不可以少如此十分口语化的表达在英语中该如何说呢?其实英语中有一个非常对应的说法,叫做Nobody/No one Left Behind,或者也可以理解为No+一个单数名词+ Left Behind结构,也就是说,这里的No后面可以接上任何单数名词,都是用来表示一个也不可以少的意思,至于这里是哪种一个,那就要看上下文了。Leave sth./sb. behind这一短语动词的被动式,其意思可以是忘了带,遗忘,也可以是将(某人)抛在后面,还可以表示永久地离开某物/某人。 电影《全部都不可以少》说的是学校不可以允许少一个孩子来上学,在同意学校教育的问题上,孩子们全部都不可以掉队,因此,就能翻译成No Child Left Behind。在GOOGLE输入No Child Left Behind和Zhang Yimou这两组关键字检索居然没获得一个结果,这样来看当时电影《全部都不可以少》的片名译者并未获悉英语中有No Child Left Behind这么一个完全对应的地道表达。

说来巧合的是,电影《全部都不可以少》激起了无数中国人对中国教育事业的关注,而如此一个表达在美国教育事业中也有知音,由于美国有一部教育法规,用的就是全部都不可以少如此形象生动的语言,如此的表达也符合英语的语言习惯,即简洁明了,而且又很口语化,容易让大伙同意和记住。美国《不让一个孩子掉队法》(No Child Left Behind Act)是布什总统2002年初签署推行的法案,这个以形象的不让一个孩子掉队命名的法案,不是简单意义的全部都不可以少。它强调教育公平――要让每个孩子都不掉队;它旨在提升教育水平,使义务教育在新世纪上一个台阶。《不让一个孩子掉队法》从名字到主旨到推行,应该给国内教育以启示。

《不让一个孩子掉队法》作为1965年以来美国非常重要的中小学改革法,内容包含:(1)打造中小学教育责任制;(2)给地方和学校更大的自主权;(3)给孩子爸爸妈妈更多的选择;(4)保证每个孩子都能阅读;(5)提升教师水平;(6)检查各州学生的学习成绩;(7)提升移民儿童的英语水平。此法是布什政府内务政策的重中之重,布什一直十分看重,为了推行该法,在财政十分紧张的状况下,布什政府还是大幅度增加了中小学教育拨款。2004年度中小学财政预算已增加至500多亿USD,比2001年上升了26%。美国只是对义务教育的投入,就达到了国内生产总值(GDP)的4%。为了促进义务教育进步公平性的达成,通过联邦资助的方法资助需要的区域:2002年,对低收入区域补贴104亿USD;而此前的2001年预算为88亿USD,2004年又增加到了123亿USD,三年间增加的涨幅达到了40%。

2006年1月十日,国内官方新闻机构新华社刊发了一篇报道称,美国不让一个孩子掉队教育法见效果。该报道说,在全美小学中推行的不让一个孩子掉队的教育法现已推行了4年并初见效果,美国小学生的考试成绩有所提升。报道说,不让任何一个孩子掉队的教育计划旨在到2014年前,确保所有美国儿童具备相应的阅读和数学水平,并需要教育部门以空前的看重程度关注贫困家庭和少数族裔儿童。这一计划还规定各州都要对学生进行考试,提升师资水平,向父母提供更多信息。获得联邦政府资助但教学水平没提升的学校将被罚款。美联社预期布什将在年度国情咨文中建议把不让一个孩子掉队的计划推广到更高的年级,并建议在中学进行年度数学和阅读测试,以评估学生获得的进步。除此之外,2007年7月美国教育部公布的一份要紧的独立研究报告显示,自从布什总统于5年前签署了里程碑式的教育法规,美国的学生获得了非常不错的学业成绩,特别在阅读和数学测试方面。

近期,美国国会将开始重新评估《不让一个孩子掉队法》,美联社为此刊发了一篇新闻报道(见下),为了加深对有关背景的认知,顺便学习一些有关英语词语,大家可以阅读一下这篇报道:

No Child Left Behind faces changes

By NANCY ZUCKERBROD

AP Education Writer

2008-4-22

Unable to push education fixes through Congress, the Bush administration is taking its own pen to the No Child Left Behind law.

Education Secretary Margaret Spellings says she plans to make a host of changes to the education law through regulations being unveiled Tuesday.

Among the biggest changes will be a requirement that by the 2012-13 school year, all states must calculate their high school graduation rates in a uniform way.

States currently use all kinds of methods to determine their graduation rates, many of which are based on unreliable information about school dropouts, leading to overestimates1.

States will be told to count graduates, in most cases, as students who leave on time and with a regular degree. Research indicates students who take extra time or get alternatives to diplomas, such as a GED, generally don't do as well in college or the work force.

While states will no longer be able to use their own methods for calculating grad rates, they will still be able set their own goals for getting more students to graduate. Critics say that allows states to set weak improvement goals.

The six-year-old education law is President Bush's signature domestic policy initiative. The law requires testing in reading and math in grades three through eight and once in high school. The stated goal is to get all kids working at grade level by 2013-14.

Lawmakers recently tried but were unable to pass an updated version of the law due to disagreements over how to judge schools and teachers, among other things. Without a renewal2, the existing law stands.

Spellings has been taking steps in recent months to make changes from her perch3. However, the proposed regulations amount to the most comprehensive set of administrative4 changes she has sought so far.

The Congress, I guess because of the political and legislative5 climate, has not been able to get a reauthorization under way this year, Spellings said in an interview. I know that schools and students need help now, and we are prepared to act administratively6.

The regulations call for a federal review of every state policy regarding the exclusion7 of test scores of students in racial groups deemed too small to be statistically8 significant or so small that student privacy could be jeopardized9. Critics say too many kids' scores are being left aside under these policies.

The regulations also call for school districts to demonstrate that they are doing all they can to notify parents of low-income students in struggling schools that free tutoring is available. If the districts fail to do that, their ability to spend federal funds could be limited under the proposal. The department estimates only 14 percent of eligible10 students receive tutoring available to them.

An even smaller percentage of kids who are allowed to transfer to higher-performing schools make that switch, in part because they aren't always informed of vacancies11 on time. The regulations require schools to publicize open spots at least 14 days before school starts.

The administration's proposal also would tighten12 the rules around the corrective steps schools must take once they've failed to hit progress goals for many consecutive13 years.

The administration is seeking public comments before finalizing14 the regulations in the fall.

Regulations can be overturned by a new administration. Spellings said that's unlikely in this case, because the rules she is proposing have widespread support. She said she hoped the ideas would help shape the legislative debate on Capitol Hill whenever the law is revisited there.

I think these things will help the law work better in the field ... and I think they are ways for the Congress to have a good jumping-off place when they start on their work, she said.

Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., who chairs the Senate education committee, said the regulations include important improvements for implementing15 No Child Left Behind.

说到这里,让人感到遗憾的是,大家有电影《全部都不可以少》,但大家没《不让一个孩子掉队法》。电影《全部都不可以少》是有感召力的,但非常遗憾,电影只是电影。而且,具备讽刺意味的是,《全部都不可以少》女主角魏敏芝的母校河北赤城县镇宁堡学校,与电影拍摄地水泉小学,现在处境很尴尬:前者因教育资源外流陷入困境,有一半的学生都流失了;后者则只剩了1名教师和6名学生(2005年11月3日《新民晚报》)。上述新闻报道已过去几年,不了解目前那里的状况是不是好转了。


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